Name________________

                                                                                                                                                                Date_______ Period____

 

CHICKEN WING DISSECTION

 

Background

            Certain principles of muscle function help us to understand bone-muscle relationships.  First, skeletal muscle contracts only if it is stimulated by the nervous system.  Second, skeletal muscles usually produce movements by pulling on bones across joints.  The bones serve as levers and the joints serve as fulcrums.  Third, muscles usually lie next to the bones they move.  And, finally, muscles usually act in groups.

 

Directions        Mark a check in each box when your group has completed each direction.

 

                    Gather dissection material:  tray, scissors, chicken wing and probes.

                    Examine the skin covering the chicken wing.

                    Carefully extend the wing to find out how many major parts it has.

                    Draw a diagram of the external structure on the back of this lab and label:  upper arm, elbow, lower arm, and hand. (wing tip). REMEMBER:  ALL DRAWINGS ARE TO BE IN PENCIL FOR THIS CLASS!

                    Use scissors to cut the skin

                    as shown in figure 1.

Try not to cut through the

Muscles located beneath the skin.    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                    Remove as much skin from the thickest part of the wing as possible, exposing the underlying muscle.

                    Observe the muscle.  The muscles are bundles of pale pink tissue that surround the bone.

                    Find the two groups of muscles in the upper arm.  Hold the arm down at the shoulder, and alternately pull on each muscle group.  Observe what happens.  Record.

 

 

                    Find the two groups of muscles in the lower arm.  Hold the arm down at the elbow and alternately pull on each muscle group.  Observe what happens.  Record.

 

 

 

 

                    Notice any yellow tissue found in small clumps on the inside of the skin.  This is a type of connective tissue called fat.

                    Remove any remaining skin from the elbow joint. 

                    Locate a tendon.  Tendons are shiny white tissues at the ends of the muscles that attach muscles to bones.

                    Locate a ligament.  Ligaments are shiny white tissue at the ends of bone.

                    Locate cartilage.  Cartilage is the slippery shiny white tissue at the ends of bone.

                    Once you have identified the following parts: skin, muscle, tendon, ligament, cartilage and bone, call your instructorI over for a group oral quiz and initials.

Instructor’s initials ___________________

                    Throw away all chicken wing parts into the designated garbage can.

                    Put dissection tools into beaker of soapy water.  Stack tray next to beaker.

                    Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.

                    Answer the questions below.

 

 

Draw a diagram of the external structure of a chicken wing.   Label the following parts: upper arm, elbow, lower arm, and hand (wing tip)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Complete the table by recording the name of the body tissues that matches the structure.

  Name of structure                    Type of body tissue   Name of structure           Type of body tissue

 

Tendon                                                                          bone

 

Nerve                                                                            skin

 

Fat                                                                               ligament

 

Muscle                                                                          blood

 

 

 

Questions:

1.       What function is performed by ligaments?_________________________________________

What is the function of a tendon? ________________________________________________

 

2.       What is more proximal, the insertion or the origin for the attachment of the muscles in the chicken wing?

 

 

3.       What tissue is referred to when one speaks of the “meat” of the chicken?

 

4.       Name the two main types of movement that occur when a wing is raised and lowered in flight.

 

 

5.  What bone in the wing is connected to the chicken’s body at the shoulder?            ____________________

 

6.       Name the two bones found in the lower arm of the wing. ________________ _____________________

 

7.       What type of joint connects the wing to the body? _______________________________________

 

8.       What type of joint moves the wing at the elbow?

 

9.       The muscle you observed is classified as what type of muscle tissue? ____________________________

 

 

 

The effects of temperature on muscular contraction. 

 

Write your name three times below (in cursive writing) before starting the experiment.

 

 

 

Place your writing hand in a pan of water containing ice cubes for 1 to 2 minutes.  Dry quickly, and immediately write your name three times again.

 

 

 

Questions:

1.       Was there any discomfort while your hand was immersed in the ice water?

 

 

2.       What effect did the cold have on muscle coordination?

 

 

3.       If you fell into Monterey Bay, what do you think would happen to your ability to swim after a few minutes?

 

 

Summary and Review Questions

 

1.       What do we call the action when one muscle works against another muscle?

 

 

2.       What do we call the fixed attachment of a muscle?

 

3.       What attachment is on the bone that moves?

 

4.       What was found at the ends of each muscle binding muscle to bone?

 

5.       Distinguish between tendons and ligaments.

 

6.  What happens to a muscle when it contracts?

 

Using colored pencils: In the space below, on the left draw a human’s arm bones and muscles.  Include the humerous, radius, ulna, deltoid, bicep, tricep, a carpi flexor and a carpi extensor.   On the right, draw a chicken wing and use similar labels to compare with the human arm.